How GLP-1s work

GIP

Also called: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide

By GLP Index editorial Updated July 17, 2026

GIP, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is a hormone your gut releases after eating. Along with GLP-1, it's one of the two main incretins — signals that prompt the pancreas to release insulin. GIP matters in the GLP-1 world because tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) is a dual agonist that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors at once.

GIP is a hormone, not a drug

First, the disambiguation: GIP stands for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (an older name is gastric inhibitory polypeptide). It’s a natural hormone your gut releases after eating — not a medication. GIP is one of the two main incretin hormones, the signals that tell the pancreas to release insulin in response to a meal. The other incretin is GLP-1. They’re partners: both are released after food, and both help keep post-meal blood sugar in check.

Why GIP matters in the GLP-1 conversation

For years, GLP-1 got most of the attention while GIP sat in the background. That changed with tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound), which is a dual agonist — a single molecule that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors at the same time. Adding the GIP target is one reason tirzepatide is discussed as a distinct step from GLP-1-only drugs. GIP’s exact contribution is still being studied, and researchers don’t fully agree on every detail of how it aids weight and blood-sugar control — but its inclusion is central to why “GIP/GLP-1” appears in these drugs’ descriptions.

What to keep in mind

You won’t be prescribed “GIP” on its own. Where it shows up is inside combination molecules — most notably tirzepatide — and in the newer triple agonists that target GIP alongside GLP-1 and glucagon. If a medication’s description mentions GIP, it’s telling you the drug leans on this second incretin in addition to GLP-1. For how any specific drug uses it, talk to your prescriber and see the GLP-1 overview.

Learn more

Frequently asked

Is GIP a drug or a hormone?
GIP is a natural hormone your gut makes, not a medication. You won't be prescribed "GIP" by itself — it shows up as a target inside combination drugs like tirzepatide, which activate the GIP receptor alongside the GLP-1 receptor.
What is the difference between GIP and GLP-1?
Both are incretin hormones released after eating that help the pancreas produce insulin. GLP-1 is the one most GLP-1 medications copy. GIP is the second incretin, added as a target in dual agonists like tirzepatide to broaden the effect.

Sources

Every claim on this page traces to primary literature or FDA labeling. Browse the full evidence library.

  1. Incretin hormones — their role in health and disease (PubMed)
  2. GLP-1 agonists (Cleveland Clinic)
This page is for informational purposes only and isn't medical advice. Talk to a licensed healthcare provider about your situation before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. See our medical disclaimer and editorial policy.

Written by the GLP Index editorial team · Updated July 17, 2026 · How we source

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